Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) là gì?

Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) la mot loai token tien ma hoa dac biet cho phep ban su dung Bitcoin tren blockchain Ethereum. Moi WBTC duoc bao dam 1:1 bang mot Bitcoin that duoc luu tru trong kho, nen 1 WBTC luon phai co gia tri tuong duong chinh xac voi 1 BTC. Hay hinh dung no nhu mot "the thong hanh" danh cho Bitcoin: dong tien that cua ban duoc khoa an toan trong ket, con ban nhan duoc mot token tuong ung co the luu thong tu do va lam nhung viec ma Bitcoin don le khong the thuc hien duoc.

Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) la gi theo cach noi don gian?

Hay tuong tuong ban co mot dong xu vang, nhung muon tieu no o mot quoc gia chi chap nhan mot loai tien te khac. Ban giao dong xu vang cho mot kho bac dang tin cay va ho trao cho ban mot phieu giay ghi rang "phieu nay co gia tri tuong duong chinh xac mot dong xu vang". Bay gio ban co the dung phieu do o quoc gia moi ay, va bat cu luc nao ban cung co the tra lai phieu de lay lai dong xu vang that cua minh.

Wrapped Bitcoin hoat dong theo cach y chang nhu vay. "Dong xu vang" chinh la Bitcoin (BTC) cua ban, "kho bac" la nhom cac cong ty luu tru Bitcoin that mot cach an toan, va "phieu giay" la token WBTC. Token nay ton tai tren blockchain Ethereum (mot mang may tinh toan cau van hanh ung dung va dich chuyen tien ma khong can ngan hang lam trung gian). Vi WBTC chi la phien ban co the giao dich duoc cua Bitcoin, no luon co gang bam sat gia Bitcoin.

Day la ly do tai sao nguoi ta tim kiem "Wrapped Bitcoin la gi" hay "giai thich ve WBTC" — day la mot trong nhung cach don gian nhat de mang gia tri cua Bitcoin vao mot the gioi ung dung tien ma hoa hoan toan moi.

Tai sao Wrapped Bitcoin ton tai? No giai quyet van de gi?

Bitcoin va Ethereum la hai blockchain rieng biet. Blockchain giong nhu mot cuon so chia se ma ai cung co the doc nhung khong ai co the bi mat xoa. Van de o cho: cuon so cua Bitcoin va cuon so cua Ethereum khong giao tiep truc tiep voi nhau. Bitcoin rat tuyet voi trong vai tro tien mat ky thuat so, nhung no khong duoc xay dung de chay cac ung dung tai chinh phuc tap ton tai tren Ethereum.

Nhung ung dung Ethereum do la mot phan cua thu goi la DeFi (viet tat cua "tai chinh phi tap trung" — cac dich vu tai chinh nhu cho vay, di vay va giao dich van hanh bang code thay vi ngan hang). DeFi chu yeu hieu cac token kieu Ethereum, khong phai Bitcoin tho. Vi vay neu ban so huu Bitcoin, ban bi loai ra ngoai.

Wrapped Bitcoin sua chua dieu nay. No bien Bitcoin cua ban thanh mot token tuong thich voi Ethereum de ban co the su dung no ben trong cac ung dung nay. Noi ngan gon, WBTC cho phep nguoi nam giu Bitcoin tham gia nen kinh te Ethereum ma khong can ban Bitcoin.

Wrapped Bitcoin hoat dong nhu the nao?

Toan bo he thong duoc xay dung tren mot loi hua don gian: moi token WBTC phai duoc bao dam bang mot Bitcoin that. De giu loi hua do, mot vai nhom hop tac voi nhau:

• Merchants (Nha bao lanh) — cac cong ty nhan Bitcoin cua ban va khoi dong qua trinh tao WBTC moi cho ban.
• Custodians (Don vi luu ky) — cac cong ty dang tin cay luu giu Bitcoin that trong kho an toan de no khong the bi tieu xai hay chuyen di.
• DAO — mot nhom to chuc tien ma hoa bo phieu cho cac quyet dinh lon, chung han nhu ai duoc phep lam Merchant hay Custodian. (DAO la "to chuc tu tri phi tap trung", tuc la mot nhom tu quan ly ban than thong qua cac phieu bau duoc ghi nhan tren blockchain.)

Quy trinh co ban theo tung buoc nhu sau:

• Minting (Tao WBTC): Ban gui Bitcoin that den mot Custodian. Sau khi ho xac nhan dang giu no, mot luong WBTC moi tuong duong duoc tao ("mint") tren Ethereum va gui cho ban.
• Su dung WBTC: Ban chi tieu, giao dich, cho vay hoac dau tu WBTC trong cac ung dung Ethereum, y het nhu bat ky token Ethereum nao khac.
• Burning (Doi tro lai): Khi ban muon lay lai Bitcoin, ban tra WBTC cua minh. No bi huy ("dot chay") va Custodian giai phong Bitcoin that tuong ung cho ban.

Vi token chi duoc tao ra khi Bitcoin that bi khoa, tong luong WBTC tren the gioi luon phai bang voi luong Bitcoin duoc luu giu. Bat ky ai cung co the kiem tra dieu nay tren blockchain, giu cho he thong luon minh bach.

Ai da tao ra Wrapped Bitcoin va vao luc nao?

Wrapped Bitcoin ra mat vao dau nam 2019. No duoc tao ra thong qua su hop tac giua mot so cong ty tien ma hoa noi tieng, chu yeu la BitGo (mot cong ty luu ky luu tru tien ma hoa cho cac nha dau tu lon), cung voi Kyber Network va Ren. BitGo tro thanh Custodian chinh chiu trach nhiem giu Bitcoin that bao dam cho cac token. WBTC la du an dau tien thuoc loai nay duoc su dung rong rai, day la ly do lon khien no tra nen pho bien va hien dang dung o khoang vi tri thu 14 theo gia tri von hoa thi truong trong so tat ca cac tien ma hoa.

Wrapped Bitcoin duoc su dung de lam gi?

WBTC mo khoa tat ca nhung gi Bitcoin binh thuong khong the tu minh thuc hien. Cac ung dung pho bien bao gom:

• Cho vay va kiem lai: Nap WBTC vao cac ung dung DeFi de kiem lai, giong nhu tai khoan tiet kiem tra lai cho ban vi de tien o do.
• Vay von: Dung WBTC lam tai san the chap (khoan dat coc bao dam) de vay tien ma hoa khac ma khong can ban Bitcoin.
• Giao dich: Hoan doi WBTC nhanh chong tren cac san giao dich phi tap trung (thi truong tien ma hoa van hanh bang code, khong phai mot cong ty).
• Cung cap thanh khoan: Them WBTC vao cac pool giao dich va kiem mot khoan phi nho moi khi nguoi khac thuc hien giao dich.

Trong moi truong hop, ban van duy tri muc do tiep xuc voi gia Bitcoin trong khi dat gia tri do vao hoat dong ben trong cac ung dung cua Ethereum.

Wrapped Bitcoin khac Bitcoin binh thuong o diem gi?

Su khac biet quan trong nhat la su tin tuong. Bitcoin binh thuong khong can trung gian — chinh mang luoi dam bao no. Tuy nhien, WBTC phu thuoc vao viec cac Custodian thuc su giu Bitcoin that ma ho tuyen bo dang giu. Dieu nay lam cho WBTC linh hoat hon nhung hoi kem "thuan tuy" hon mot chut, vi ban dang tin tuong cac cong ty do thuc hien cong viec cua ho mot cach trung thuc.

No cung khac voi cac token tuong tu. Mot so doi thu canh tranh huong den su phi tap trung cao hon, loai bo su can thiet phai tin vao mot Custodian duy nhat. Uu the cua WBTC la no co truoc, duoc chap nhan rong rai va duoc ho tro o gan nhu moi noi tren Ethereum.

Lam the nao de mua va luu tru Wrapped Bitcoin?

Thuong ban khong can tu "goi" Bitcoin. Hau het moi nguoi chi don gian la mua WBTC truc tiep tren san giao dich tien ma hoa tap trung hoac phi tap trung, tuong tu nhu cach ho mua bat ky token nao khac. De luu giu, ban cat giu no trong vi tuong thich Ethereum (ung dung ky thuat so hoac thiet bi luu tru token va bao ve khoa bi mat cua ban).

• Vi phan mem: la cac ung dung tren dien thoai hoac may tinh — tien loi va mien phi.
• Vi phan cung: la cac thiet bi vat ly nho giu khoa cua ban ngoai tuyen de bao mat them.

Du ban chon loai nao, tuyet doi khong chia se cum tu phuc hoi bi mat voi bat ky ai. Nguoi nam giu cum tu do la nguoi kiem soat cac token.

Wrapped Bitcoin co an toan khong? Cac rui ro can biet

WBTC da hoat dong on dinh trong nhieu nam, nhung van mang mot so rui ro dang hieu:

• Rui ro luu ky: Ban dang tin tuong cac Custodian giu Bitcoin that an toan va tra lai khi duoc yeu cau. Neu ho that bai, tai san bao dam cua token co the bi de doa.
• Rui ro hop dong thong minh: WBTC dua vao code may tinh tren Ethereum. Loi trong cac ung dung DeFi ban su dung co the dan den mat mat.
• Rui ro gia: WBTC bam sat Bitcoin, nen gia tri cua no tang giam chinh xac theo Bitcoin — va Bitcoin co the bien dong rat manh.

Day khong phai la du doan hay loi khuyen tai chinh. Giong nhu bat cu dieu gi trong tien ma hoa, hay luon tu minh nghien cuu truoc khi tham gia.

Cac cau hoi thuong gap

1 WBTC luon luon bang 1 Bitcoin phai khong?

Do la muc tieu thiet ke. Moi WBTC duoc bao dam bang mot Bitcoin that trong kho luu tru, nen gia cua no bam sat Bitcoin rat chat. Cac chenh lech nho, tam thoi co the xuat hien do giao dich thi truong, nhung thiet ke giu chung rat gan nhau.

Toi co the doi WBTC tro lai thanh Bitcoin that khong?

Co. He thong la hai chieu. WBTC co the bi "dot chay" (huy) de Bitcoin that tuong ung duoc tra lai cho ban. Tren thuc te, hau het moi nguoi chi ban hoac hoan doi WBTC lay Bitcoin tren mot san giao dich, cach nay nhanh va don gian hon.

Wrapped Bitcoin co phai la Bitcoin khong?

Khong. Chung co cung gia tri nhung ton tai tren cac blockchain khac nhau va hoat dong theo nhung cach khac nhau. Bitcoin la dong coin nguyen ban duoc bao mat boi mang luoi Bitcoin. WBTC la token Ethereum duoc bao dam bang Bitcoin, duoc thiet ke de ban co the su dung gia tri do ben trong cac ung dung Ethereum.

Tai sao toi dung WBTC thay vi chi giu Bitcoin?

Vi WBTC cho phep ban lam nhieu thu hon. Trong khi Bitcoin binh thuong phan lon chi nam im trong vi cua ban, WBTC co the duoc cho vay, dung lam tai san the chap, giao dich hoac dau tu tren cac ung dung DeFi cua Ethereum — trong khi van duy tri muc do tiep xuc voi gia Bitcoin.