Stellar (XLM) là gì?

Stellar la mot blockchain mo va cong khai (mot cuon so ky thuat so dung chung ma bat ky ai cung co the su dung va khong ai co the bi mat thay doi) duoc xay dung de chuyen tien khap the gioi mot cach nhanh chong va re tien. Dong coin tich hop san cua no duoc goi la lumen, va ky hieu giao dich la XLM. Cach don gian nhat de hieu Stellar la xem no nhu mot mang luoi thanh toan toan cau — phien ban nhanh hon, re hon va thuan internet cua he thong ma cac ngan hang su dung de gui tien giua cac quoc gia.

Stellar la gi theo ngon ngu don gian?

Hay tuong tuong ban muon gui 10 do cho mot nguoi ban o nuoc khac. Hom nay, khoan tien do thuong phai di qua nhieu ngan hang, mat nhieu ngay va bi an mon boi phi. Stellar duoc thiet ke de khac phuc dieu do. Day la mot mang luoi may tinh tren khap the gioi cung nhau duy tri mot danh sach chung ve viec ai so huu gi, va cho phep gia tri di chuyen gan nhu tuc thi voi chi phi cuc thap.

Tren mang luoi nay, dong coin ky thuat so ban dia la lumen (XLM). Lumen co hai nhiem vu: thanh toan phi (rat nho) de duy tri hoat dong cua mang luoi, va co the dong vai tro "cau noi" giua cac loai tien te khac nhau. Vi du, Stellar co the lang le chuyen doi do sang lumen va lumen sang euro trong mot buoc tron tru duy nhat, de nguoi gui va nguoi nhan moi ben deu giao dich bang dong tien ho da quen thuoc.

Neu ban dang tim hieu Stellar la gi hay giai thich ve Stellar, day la phien ban mot dong: day la mot blockchain de chuyen va doi tien voi chi phi thap, su dung XLM lam nhien lieu.

Ai da tao ra Stellar va khi nao?

Stellar duoc ra mat vao nam 2014. Mot trong nhung nguoi dong sang lap la Jed McCaleb, mot lap trinh vien noi tieng trong gioi crypto, nguoi truoc day da gop phan khoi dau cac du an lon khac, bao gom mang luoi Ripple. Ong hop tac voi luat su Joyce Kim de tao ra thu gi do tap trung vao nguoi binh thuong, dac biet la nhung nguoi khong de dang tiep can duoc ngan hang.

Mang luoi duoc ho tro boi mot to chuc phi loi nhuan ten la Stellar Development Foundation (SDF). To chuc phi loi nhuan ton tai de phuc vu mot su menh chu khong phai de kiem tien cho cac chu so huu. SDF giup xay dung phan mem, ho tro cac nha phat trien va lam viec de phat trien mang luoi — nhung quan trong la, khong co cong ty nao "so huu" Stellar. No la nguon mo (code cua no la cong khai va mien phi cho bat ky ai doc, su dung hoac cai thien), nen ca the gioi co the xay dung tren do.

Stellar hoat dong nhu the nao?

Ve ban chat, Stellar la mot cuon so chung khong lo duoc sao chep tren nhieu may tinh, goi la node. Moi khi ai do gui mot khoan thanh toan, cac node phai dong thuan rang dieu do da thuc su xay ra truoc khi no duoc ghi lai. Phan thong minh la cach chung dat duoc su dong thuan do.

Phan lon cac blockchain su dung phuong phap nang ne de dat duoc su dong thuan. Vi du, Bitcoin yeu cau cac may tinh chay dua giai cac bai toan kho, tieu thu luong dien khong lo. Thay vao do, Stellar su dung thu goi la Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP). Hay nghi den no nhu mot nhom ban be ma moi nguoi quyet dinh tin tuong nhung nguoi ban nao khac. Vi cac vong tron tin tuong nay chong cheo nhau, toan bo mang luoi co the nhanh chong dat duoc ket luan chung ve su that — ma khong can giai bat ky bai toan nao lang phi.

Ket qua la nhung gi Stellar duoc biet den nhieu nhat:

• Nhanh: mot giao dich thuong duoc thanh toan trong khoang nam giay.
• Re: phi la mot phan nho khong dang ke cua mot cent.
• Tieu thu it nang luong: vi khong co cuoc dua giai bai toan, no su dung rat it dien so voi cac coin dua tren khai thac.

Stellar cung co mot tinh nang dac biet goi la anchor. Mot anchor la mot doanh nghiep duoc tin tuong — nhu mot cong ty chuyen tien hoac mot to chuc duoc dieu hanh — nhan tien thong thuong (vi du, do) va phat hanh phien ban ky thuat so tuong ung tren Stellar. Dong do ky thuat so do co the zip khap mang luoi, va o dau kia, ai do co the giao no cho mot anchor khac de lay tien mat that. Anchor la nhung diem vao va ra giua the gioi tai chinh hang ngay va mang luoi Stellar.

Stellar duoc su dung de lam gi?

Muc dich chinh cua Stellar la chuyen dong va trao doi gia tri. Mot so ung dung pho bien nhat bao gom:

• Thanh toan xuyen bien gioi: gui tien giua cac quoc gia nhanh chong va re tien, dieu nay rat huu ich cho nhung nguoi lao dong gui tien ve cho gia dinh.
• Phat hanh token ky thuat so: cac cong ty va ca nhan co the tao token cua rieng ho (cac don vi ky thuat so dai dien cho thu gi do) tren Stellar. Dieu nay bao gom ca stablecoin — nhung token gan voi gia tri cua mot dong tien thong thuong nhu do My — de "do ky thuat so" van co gia tri khoang mot do.
• Doi tien te: mang luoi co mot san giao dich tich hop noi cac token va tien te khac nhau co the duoc giao dich truc tiep.
• Tiep can nhung nguoi khong co tai khoan ngan hang: nhung nguoi khong co tai khoan ngan hang van co the giu va gui gia tri chi bang mot chiec dien thoai, day la phan cot loi trong su menh cua Stellar.

Noi ngan gon, khi moi nguoi hoi Stellar duoc su dung de lam gi, cau tra loi trung thuc la: day la mot bo cong cu danh cho thanh toan, tien te ky thuat so va kha nang tiep can tai chinh.

Dieu gi lam cho Stellar khac biet?

Co hang nghin loai tien dien tu, vay tai sao Stellar crypto lai noi bat? Mot so ly do:

• Duoc xay dung cho thanh toan, khong phai dau co: ngay tu dau, troi tam cua Stellar la chuyen tien, khong chi la mot thu de giao dich.
• Phi nho va thanh toan nhanh: chi phi thap lam cho ngay ca cac khoan thanh toan rat nho cung tro nen thuc te.
• Duoc boi duong boi to chuc phi loi nhuan: Stellar Development Foundation nham muc tieu phuc vu su menh tiep can tai chinh toan dien thay vi toi da hoa loi nhuan.
• Than thien voi tien that: thong qua anchor va cac cong cu token tich hop, Stellar ket noi de dang voi cac dong tien truyen thong va stablecoin.

No thuong duoc so sanh voi Ripple (XRP) vi ho chia se mot nguoi dong sang lap ban dau va ca hai deu nham vao thanh toan. Nhung chung la cac mang luoi rieng biet duoc dieu hanh boi cac to chuc rieng biet, voi cong nghe va muc tieu khac nhau — Stellar nghieng ve tiep can mo hon cho ca nhan va cac to chuc nho hon.

Lam the nao de mua va luu tru XLM?

Ban co the mua XLM tren hau het cac san giao dich crypto lon (nen tang truc tuyen noi ban trao doi tien thong thuong lay tien ma hoa). Sau khi mua, ban co nhieu lua chon de luu giu:

• Tren san giao dich: de nhat cho nguoi moi bat dau, nhung san giao dich giu coin cho ban.
• Trong vi phan mem: mot ung dung tren dien thoai hoac may tinh ma ban kiem soat truc tiep.
• Trong vi phan cung: mot thiet bi vat ly nho giu coin cua ban ngoai mang, cung cap su bao ve manh me chong lai tin tac.

Mot khai niem quan trong trong crypto la "khong co khoa cua ban, khong co coin cua ban." Khoa rieng tu giong nhu mot mat khau bi mat chung minh ban so huu XLM cua minh. Ai kiem soat khoa do kiem soat coin, vi vay giu an toan la dieu can thiet. Mot dac diem dang luu y: moi tai khoan Stellar phai giu mot luong toi thieu lumen de duy tri hoat dong — day la quy tac tich hop de giu mang luoi gon gang.

Stellar co an toan khong? Cac rui ro can biet

Ban than mang luoi Stellar da hoat dong dang tin cay trong nhieu nam va su dung cong nghe duoc kiem tra ky luong. Nhung "an toan" co nhieu nghia, nen hay nhin nhan ro rang:

• Gia bien dong nhieu: giong nhu tat ca cac loai tien ma hoa, gia tri cua XLM co the tang va giam manh.
• Ban la ngan hang cua chinh minh: neu ban mat khoa rieng tu, thuong khong co duong day ho tro khach hang nao co the khoi phuc coin cua ban.
• Lua dao ton tai: token gia mao va lua dao (ke gian lan lua ban tiet lo mat khau) pho bien tren toan bo the gioi crypto, bao gom ca Stellar.
• Quy tac co the thay doi: chinh phu tren khap the gioi van dang hinh thanh cach thuc quy dinh tien ma hoa.

Khong co dieu nao trong so nay co nghia la Stellar la "xau" — no don gian co nghia la ban nen hoc truoc khi hanh dong. Day la thong tin giao duc, khong phai tu van tai chinh. Luon tu nghien cuu truoc khi mua bat ky loai tien ma hoa nao.

Cac cau hoi thuong gap

Su khac biet giua Stellar va XLM la gi?

Stellar la mang luoi — toan bo he thong thanh toan va blockchain. XLM (lumen) la coin ban dia song tren mang luoi do va cung cap nang luong cho phi va cac cau noi tien te. Mot cai la con duong; cai kia la nhien lieu.

Tai sao Stellar su dung it nang luong den vay?

Vi no khong phu thuoc vao viec khai thac. Thay vi may tinh canh tranh giai cac bai toan kho, Stellar su dung Stellar Consensus Protocol, noi cac node dat duoc dong thuan thong qua cac vong tron tin tuong chong cheo. Dieu do lam cho no tiet kiem nang luong hon nhieu so voi cac coin dua tren khai thac.

Stellar co the duoc su dung cho cac thanh toan hang ngay khong?

No duoc thiet ke chinh xac cho dieu do. Voi thoi gian thanh toan khoang nam giay va phi chi bang mot phan nho cua cent, Stellar rat phu hop de gui tien — bao gom ca cac khoan nho va thanh toan xuyen bien gioi.

XLM co phai la khoan dau tu tot khong?

Dieu do phu thuoc vao muc tieu ca nhan va kha nang chap nhan rui ro cua ban, va khong ai co the hua truoc tuong lai. Gia XLM co the bien dong, nen hay coi bat ky giao dich mua nao la quyet dinh cua rieng ban va hay tu nghien cuu truoc. Bai viet nay khong dua ra du bao gia hay tu van tai chinh.